RATIONALISM

  

 HUME

KANT_

THE term “Rationalism” is often used to designate any mode of thought in which human reason is the supreme criterion of truth: thus reason is regarded as having precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledge, such as faith, tradition, or sensory experience. In philosophy it is exemplified by David Hume’s critique of miracles and Immanuel Kant’s relegation of religion to the realm of morality and conscience.

    The religion of rationalism is “Deism,” a philosophy that acknowledges the existence of a God who creates, but who then plays no active role in the universe after creation. The universe is governed by observable natural laws: these suggest the existence and purposes of God and can be understood by human reason.

     “Rational” or “Enlightened” rulers reorganized and attempted to regulate the Church in ways that seemed rational (and useful) to them, taking the form of Gallicanism in France, Regalism in Spain, Febronianism in Germany, and Josephism in the Austrian Empire.  In Russia the westernizing Tsar Peter the Great replaced the Partriarch of Moscow with the “Holy Synod” which he controlled

                     1680               1700               1720                1740                  1760                 1780               1800               1820                1840

 

                    ║INN. XI║                                                                                              CLEM XIV║    PIUS VI    ║      PIUS VII    ║L.12/P.8║ GR.XVI ║  

                                                                                                                                            AM.REV.    FR.REV.    NAP.WARS  

 

St.M.ALACOQUE '90 ║   ║    1696      ―――      St. Alphonsus  LIGUORI     ―――       1787    ║

 

                ║     1675   ―    Jean Pierre  de CAUSSADE   ―   1751    ║                                                    ║ 1801 - Bl. John Henry NEWMAN -1890        

                                                       ║ 1711 ―――     David HUME   ―――   1776  ║                                  ║ 1809 ―Charles DARWIN―1882     

                                                  ║ 1712  ―   Jean-Jacques ROUSSEAU  ―   1778 ║

1632   -  John  LOCKE  - 1704 ║                  ║     1724 ―――       Immanuel KANT      ―――       1804    ║

1642        ―      Isaac NEWTON      ―       1727     ║                 ║    1749      ―      Pierre-Simon LAPLACE      ―      1827     ║

         ║ 1672 - Emperor PETER I (The Great) -1725  ║             ║   1741―Emperor JOSEPH II―1790    ║

                                                               REGALISM                       JOSEPHISM   

 

                                                   ║   1713     ―     Junípero SERRA, OFM      ―       1784║1785-Franc.García Diego y MORENO, O.F.M-1846║

'38     ––      LOUIS XIV     ––       1715  ║ 1715      ––      LOUIS XV       ––         1774 ║'74 LOUIS XVI '92║

             GALLICAN        GALLICANISM                                                               ║ 1769 - NAPOLEON BONAPARTE - 1821 ║

         ARTICLES 1682

 '32 - Jean MABILLON O.S.B.-1707║                  1738-CON.MASONS                         1773-JESUIT SUPPRESSION-1814

           JANSENISM                 UNIGENITUS                                               FEBRONIANISM   

1597-Henri ARNAULD-'92║              1713     Chapter of Utrecht        ║   1749     ―      Johann Wolfgang Von GOETHE     ―      1832   ║

 '34    ―   Pasquier  QUESNEL  ―  1719   ║   1723 (Old Cath.)

'27  ― MOLINOS ― 1696 ║       QUIETISM    

 

'27―Jacques BOSSUET ― 1704║                                             ║ '1743   ─    L.C.de SAINT-MARTIN    ─   1803 ║

'48 ―          1687        Mme. GUYON  1717  ║

'51-  COELESTIS PASTOR   FÉNELON '15║

 
                     1680               1700               1720                1740                  1760                 1780               1800               1820                1840

 

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