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ITres Riches Heures, of the Duke of Berry |
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ITres Riches Heures, of the Duke of Berry |
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From Feudalism to Nationalism
Zero social mobility;
No private ownership of property;
Rights at the whim of the local Lord
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From Monarchical Papacy to Conciliarism:
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Chronicle of the Council of Constance, 1470, Petersburg MS (Small Reichental), f 25 v. |
THIS WAS a confusing and tumultuous period when there were two, and later three, rival popes, each with his own College of Cardinals.
THE SCHISM began soon after the papal residence was returned to Rome from Avignon. On the death of Gregory XI, the last Avignon pope, the Archbisop of Bari was elected as Urban VI was elected amid powerful local pressure for an Italian pope. His reforming efforts, although zealous, revealed signs of insanity, so a group of cardinals with French sympathies elected an antipope, Clement VII, who took up residence at Avignon. Cardinals from both sides met at Pisa in 1409 and elected a third pope in an effort to end the schism.
THE SCHISM was not healed until the Council of Constance vacated all three seats and elected Martin V as pope in 1417.
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From Common Servitude of the DREAD LORD usque ad mortem (Gregory the Great's eucharistic theology) to personal union with the Heavenly Bridegroom
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